0102030405
High-Quality SC(B)10, 11 Dry Type Cast Transformers from China Suppliers and Factory - Flame-Retardant and Maintenance-Free
Transformer model meaning
Product Standards
◇GB/T10228-1997, GB6450-1986, JB/T10088-2004, GB4208-1993
◇Rated high voltage: 10 (11, 10 .5, 6 . 6, 6 .3, 6)kV
◇Rated low pressure: 0 .4kV
◇Connection group: Dynl1orYY
◇High voltage tapping range: ±5% or ±2×2 .5%
◇Insulation level: LI75AC35/LI OAG5
◇Frequency: 50Hz
Product Features
Iron Heart
The core is made of imported high-quality cold-rolled silicon steel sheets, with full oblique joint structure, and the core column is made of The core surface is sealed with epoxy resin paint, which reduces the no-load loss and no-load Current and core noise, clips and fasteners are specially surface treated to further improve the product appearance quality.
High voltage winding
The high-voltage winding is vacuum cast with epoxy resin with filler, which greatly reduces the partial discharge and improves the electrical strength of the coil. The inner and outer walls of the winding are filled with glass fiber mesh panels, which enhances the mechanical strength of the coil and improves the product 's ability to resist sudden short circuits. The coil will never crack.
Low voltage winding
The low-voltage winding adopts a foil structure, which solves the problem of axial helix angle when winding, making the ampere-turn more balanced. At the same time, the coil adopts an axial cooling air duct to enhance the heat dissipation capacity. DMDEpoxy resin pre - impregnated cloth, integrally cured and formed.
Main advantages of the product
◇Low loss, low noise, and low partial discharge;
◇High moisture resistance, high reliability and maintenance-free;
◇The high pressure is a multi-layer segmented cylindrical structure;
◇Low pressure is a foil structure with longitudinal airway;
◇Flame retardant resin, curing molding;
◇Multifunctional temperature protection control system;
◇Square tube clamp structure;
◇Low temperature and low noise.
Overview
The coil is wound on a high-precision winding machine, and the low-voltage winding adopts a foil winding structure. When the transformer capacity is large, there is a ventilation duct. After winding, it is vacuum dried. The entire pouring and curing process is operated in full accordance with the process requirements. All processes The process needs to be strictly monitored and adjusted according to the situation. The precision manufacturing process of casting makes the coil free of bubbles and holes, so that the finished transformer can achieve high-quality operation effect.
Temperature control system and air cooling system
The cross-flow top-blowing cooling fan is used, which has the characteristics of low noise, high wind pressure, beautiful appearance, etc. The overload capacity of the transformer is improved. The temperature control adopts an intelligent temperature controller to improve the safety and reliability of the transformer operation.
Protect the housing and the busbar
The protective shell provides further safety protection for the transformer, and the protection level is IP20, IP23 etc., the shell material has cold Rolled steel plate, stainless steel plate, etc. are available for users to choose. Low-voltage outlets use standard busbar outlets, side outlets and top outlets are both available, and special outlet methods can also be designed for users.
Transformer output mode
Conventional outgoing wires, standard closed busbars and standard side outgoing wires can be manufactured. ed according to different interface forms, and can also be customized according to the user. Users require special wiring design.
Model meaning
Product Standards
◇Implementation standards:GB/T10228-1997, GB6450-1986; JB/T10088-2004, GB4208-1993
◇Rated high voltage: 10 (11, 10 .5, 6 . 6, 6 .3, 6)kV
◇Insulation level: LI75AC35/LI OAC5
◇High voltage tapping range: ±5% or ±2×2 .5%
◇Connection group: Dynl1orYyn0
◇Rated low pressure: 0 .4kV
◇Frequency: 50Hz
10kV class SC(B)10Series resin insulated dry-type transformer technical parameters
| Rated capacity | Voltage combination (kV) | Connection method | loss(kW) | No-load current(%) | Impedance voltage(%) | Insulation class | weight(kg) | ||
| high pressure | Low pressure | no-load | Load (120°C) | ||||||
| 10 | 11 10.5 10 6.3 6 |
0.4 | Dyn11 or Yyno |
0.135 | 0.305 | 4.0 | 4 | F/F | 135 |
| 20 | 0.170 | 0.595 | 3.5 | 180 | |||||
| 30 | 0.190 | 0.705 | 2.6 | 330 | |||||
| 50 | 0.270 | 0.995 | 2.2 | 380 | |||||
| 63 | 0.330 | 1.210 | 2.2 | 440 | |||||
| 80 | 0.370 | 1.380 | 2.2 | 510 | |||||
| 100 | 0.400 | 1.570 | 2.0 | 590 | |||||
| 125 | 0.470 | 1.850 | 1.8 | 650 | |||||
| 160 | 0.540 | 2.130 | 1.8 | 780 | |||||
| 200 | 0.620 | 2.530 | 1.6 | 930 | |||||
| 250 | 0.720 | 2.760 | 1.6 | 1040 | |||||
| 315 | 0.880 | 3.470 | 1.4 | 1180 | |||||
| 400 | 0.980 | 3.990 | 1.4 | 1450 | |||||
| 500 | 1.160 | 4.880 | 1.4 | 1630 | |||||
| 630 | 1.340 | 5.870 | 1.2 | 6 | 1900 | ||||
| 630 | 1.300 | 5.960 | 1.2 | 1900 | |||||
| 800 | 1.520 | 6.955 | 1.2 | 2290 | |||||
| 1000 | 1.770 | 8.130 | 1.1 | 2700 | |||||
| 1250 | 2.090 | 9.690 | 1.1 | 3130 | |||||
| 1600 | 2.450 | 11.73 | 1.1 | 3740 | |||||
| 2000 | 3.050 | 14.45 | 1.0 | 4150 | |||||
| 2500 | 3.600 | 17.17 | 1.0 | 4810 | |||||
| 3150 | 5.140 | 22.50 | 0.8 | 8 | 5800 | ||||
| 4000 | 5.960 | 27.00 | 0.8 | 7100 | |||||
Overall dimensions and installation dimensions
| Rated capacity (KVA) | Overall dimensions(m) | Dimensions with protective housing(mm) | |||||||||||||
| L | W | H | D | A1 | A2 | A3 | L | W | H | D | E | F | G | H | |
| 10 | 600 | 510 | 520 | 400 | 400 | 400 | 450 | 900 | 900 | 1200 | 400 | 850 | 840 | 250 | 150 |
| 20 | 600 | 400 | 520 | 400 | 400 | 400 | 450 | 900 | 900 | 1200 | 400 | 850 | 840 | 250 | 150 |
| 30 | 670 | 500 | 720 | 350 | 350 | 350 | 450 | 1050 | 800 | 1000 | 350 | 600 | 720 | 210 | 210 |
| 50 | 690 | 500 | 770 | 350 | 350 | 350 | 450 | 1050 | 900 | 1050 | 350 | 650 | 770 | 220 | 220 |
| 63 | 690 | 500 | 810 | 350 | 350 | 350 | 450 | 1050 | 900 | 1100 | 350 | 690 | 810 | 220 | 220 |
| 80 | 720 | 500 | 840 | 400 | 400 | 400 | 450 | 1100 | 900 | 1150 | 400 | 720 | 840 | 230 | 230 |
| 100 | 750 | 500 | 860 | 450 | 450 | 450 | 550 | 1150 | 1000 | 1150 | 450 | 740 | 860 | 240 | 240 |
| 125 | 950 | 600 | 910 | 550 | 550 | 550 | 550 | 1350 | 1050 | 1200 | 550 | 870 | 910 | 300 | 210 |
| 160 | 1020 | 600 | 960 | 550 | 550 | 550 | 550 | 1400 | 1050 | 1250 | 550 | 920 | 960 | 310 | 220 |
| 200 | 1070 | 600 | 1060 | 550 | 550 | 550 | 550 | 1450 | 1100 | 1350 | 550 | 1020 | 1060 | 315 | 225 |
| 250 | 1100 | 710 | 1120 | 660 | 660 | 660 | 660 | 1500 | 1150 | 1400 | 660 | 1090 | 1120 | 320 | 230 |
| 315 | 1120 | 710 | 1140 | 660 | 660 | 660 | 660 | 1500 | 1200 | 1450 | 660 | 1100 | 1140 | 325 | 235 |
| 400 | 1210 | 870 | 1240 | 660 | 660 | 660 | 660 | 1600 | 1250 | 1600 | 660 | 1130 | 1240 | 360 | 320 |
| 500 | 1240 | 870 | 1310 | 820 | 820 | 820 | 820 | 1600 | 1300 | 1650 | 820 | 1180 | 1310 | 370 | 330 |
| 630 | 1400 | 870 | 1400 | 820 | 820 | 820 | 820 | 1800 | 1300 | 1700 | 820 | 1280 | 1390 | 360 | 320 |
| 630 | 1460 | 870 | 1340 | 820 | 820 | 820 | 820 | 1850 | 1300 | 1850 | 820 | 1230 | 1340 | 350 | 310 |
| 800 | 1550 | 870 | 1460 | 820 | 820 | 820 | 820 | 1900 | 1300 | 1800 | 820 | 1340 | 1460 | 360 | 320 |
| 1000 | 1600 | 870 | 1620 | 820 | 820 | 820 | 820 | 1950 | 1300 | 1950 | 820 | 1430 | 1620 | 370 | 325 |
| 1250 | 1680 | 1120 | 1700 | 1070 | 1070 | 1070 | 1070 | 2050 | 1350 | 2000 | 1070 | 1490 | 1700 | 385 | 340 |
| 1600 | 1750 | 1120 | 1790 | 1070 | 1070 | 1070 | 1070 | 2100 | 1400 | 2100 | 1070 | 1570 | 1790 | 410 | 370 |
| 2000 | 1770 | 1120 | 1810 | 1070 | 1070 | 1070 | 1070 | 2150 | 1500 | 2100 | 1070 | 1520 | 1810 | 430 | 405 |
| 2500 | 1840 | 1120 | 1930 | 1070 | 1070 | 1070 | 1070 | 2200 | 1500 | 2200 | 1070 | 1640 | 1930 | 440 | 420 |
| 3150 | 1950 | 1120 | 1900 | 1070 | 1070 | 1070 | 1070 | 2350 | 1600 | 2250 | 1070 | 1600 | 1900 | 455 | 435 |
| 4000 | 2030 | 1120 | 2000 | 1070 | 1070 | 1070 | 1070 | 2400 | 1600 | 2300 | 1070 | 1700 | 2000 | 470 | 450 |
Model meaning
Product Standards
◇Implementation standards: GB/T10228-2008, GB6450-1986, JB/T10088-2004, GB4208-1993
◇Rated high voltage: 10 (11, 10.5, 6.6, 6.3, 6)kV
◇Rated low pressure: 0.4kV
◇On-load voltage regulation range: (±4×2.5%) or (±3×2.5%)
10kV class SC(B)10 Series on-load tap-changing resin insulated dry-type transformer technical parameters
| Rated capacity | Voltage combination (kV) | Connection method | loss(kW) | No-load current(%) | Impedance voltage(%) | Insulation class | weight(kg) | ||
| high pressure | Low pressure | No load | Load (120°C) | ||||||
| 200 | 11 10.5 10 6.3 6 |
0.4 | Dyn11 or Yyno |
0.690 | 2.660 | 1.6 | 4 | F/F | 1180 |
| 250 | 0.790 | 2.900 | 1.6 | 1290 | |||||
| 315 | 0.970 | 3.610 | 1.4 | 1430 | |||||
| 400 | 1.080 | 4.240 | 1.4 | 1700 | |||||
| 500 | 1.280 | 5.150 | 1.4 | 1880 | |||||
| 630 | 1.475 | 6.270 | 1.2 | 6 | 2150 | ||||
| 800 | 1.670 | 7.400 | 1.2 | 2540 | |||||
| 1000 | 1.950 | 8.760 | 1.1 | 2950 | |||||
| 1250 | 2.300 | 10.54 | 1.1 | 3380 | |||||
| 1600 | 2.700 | 12.41 | 1.1 | 3990 | |||||
| 2000 | 3.680 | 15.22 | 1.0 | 4400 | |||||
| 2500 | 4.400 | 18.10 | 1.0 | 5060 | |||||
| 3150 | 5.650 | 23.63 | 0.8 | 8 | 6050 | ||||
| 4000 | 6.560 | 28.35 | 0.8 | 7350 | |||||
Overall dimensions and installation dimensions
| Rated capacity (KVA) | Dimensions with protective housing(mm) | |||||||
| L | W | H | D | E | F | H | G | |
| 200 | 1450 | 1850 | 1600 | 550 | 1020 | 1060 | 225 | 315 |
| 250 | 1500 | 1900 | 1600 | 660 | 1090 | 1120 | 230 | 320 |
| 315 | 1500 | 1950 | 1600 | 660 | 1100 | 1140 | 235 | 325 |
| 400 | 1600 | 2000 | 1600 | 660 | 1130 | 1240 | 320 | 360 |
| 500 | 1600 | 2050 | 1600 | 820 | 1180 | 1310 | 330 | 370 |
| 630 | 1800 | 2050 | 1600 | 820 | 1280 | 1390 | 320 | 360 |
| 800 | 1900 | 2050 | 1600 | 820 | 1340 | 1460 | 320 | 360 |
| 1000 | 1950 | 2050 | 1950 | 820 | 1430 | 1620 | 325 | 370 |
| 1250 | 2050 | 2100 | 2000 | 1070 | 1490 | 1700 | 340 | 385 |
| 1600 | 2100 | 2150 | 2100 | 1070 | 1570 | 1790 | 370 | 410 |
| 2000 | 2150 | 2250 | 2100 | 1070 | 1520 | 1810 | 405 | 430 |
| 2500 | 2200 | 2250 | 2200 | 1070 | 1640 | 1930 | 420 | 440 |
| 3150 | 2350 | 2350 | 2250 | 1070 | 1600 | 1900 | 435 | 455 |
| 4000 | 2400 | 2350 | 2300 | 1070 | 1700 | 2000 | 450 | 470 |
Model meaning
Product Standards
◇Implementation standards: GB/T10228-1997, GB6450-1986, JB/T10088-2004, GB4208-1993
◇Rated high voltage: 10 (11, 10.5, 6.6, 6.3, 6)kV
◇High voltage boundary range: =5% or ±2×2.5%
◇Rated low pressure: 0.4kV
◇Insulation level: LI75AC35/LI0AC5
◇Connection group: Dyn11orYyn0
◇Frequency: 50Hz
10kV class SC(B)11Series resin insulated dry-type transformer technical parameters
| Rated capacity | Voltage combination (kV) | Connection method | loss(kW) | No-load current(%) | Impedance voltage(%) | Insulation class | weight(kg) | ||
| high pressure | Low pressure | no-load | Load (120°C) | ||||||
| 30 | 11 10.5 10 6.3 6 |
0.4 | Dyn11 or Yyno |
0.170 | 0.71 | 2.6 | 4 | F/F | 330 |
| 50 | 0.240 | 1.00 | 2.2 | 380 | |||||
| 63 | 0.330 | 1.21 | 2.2 | 440 | |||||
| 80 | 0.330 | 1.38 | 2.2 | 510 | |||||
| 100 | 0.360 | 1.57 | 2.0 | 590 | |||||
| 125 | 0.420 | 1.85 | 1.8 | 650 | |||||
| 160 | 0.480 | 2.13 | 1.8 | 780 | |||||
| 200 | 0.550 | 2.53 | 1.6 | 930 | |||||
| 250 | 0.640 | 2.76 | 1.6 | 1040 | |||||
| 315 | 0.790 | 3.47 | 1.4 | 1180 | |||||
| 400 | 0.880 | 3.99 | 1.4 | 1450 | |||||
| 500 | 1.040 | 4.88 | 1.4 | 1630 | |||||
| 630 | 1.200 | 5.88 | 1.2 | 1900 | |||||
| 630 | 1.170 | 5.96 | 1.2 | 6 | 1900 | ||||
| 800 | 1.360 | 6.96 | 1.2 | 2290 | |||||
| 1000 | 1.590 | 8.13 | 1.1 | 2700 | |||||
| 1250 | 1.880 | 9.69 | 1.1 | 3130 | |||||
| 1600 | 2.200 | 11.73 | 1.1 | 8 | 3740 | ||||
| 2000 | 2.740 | 14.45 | 1.0 | 4150 | |||||
| 2500 | 3.240 | 17.17 | 1.0 | 4810 | |||||
| 3150 | 5.140 | 22.50 | 0.8 | 5800 | |||||
Overall dimensions and installation dimensions
| Rated capacity (KVA) | Overall dimensions(m) | Dimensions with protective housing(mm) | |||||||||||||
| L | W | H | D | A1 | A2 | A3 | L | W | H | D | E | F | G | H | |
| 30 | 600 | 510 | 520 | 400 | 400 | 400 | 450 | 900 | 900 | 1200 | 400 | 850 | 840 | 250 | 150 |
| 50 | 600 | 400 | 520 | 400 | 400 | 400 | 450 | 900 | 900 | 1200 | 400 | 850 | 840 | 250 | 150 |
| 63 | 670 | 500 | 720 | 350 | 350 | 350 | 450 | 1050 | 800 | 1000 | 350 | 600 | 720 | 210 | 210 |
| 80 | 690 | 500 | 770 | 350 | 350 | 350 | 450 | 1050 | 900 | 1050 | 350 | 650 | 770 | 220 | 220 |
| 100 | 690 | 500 | 810 | 350 | 350 | 350 | 450 | 1050 | 900 | 1100 | 350 | 690 | 810 | 220 | 220 |
| 125 | 720 | 500 | 840 | 400 | 400 | 400 | 450 | 1100 | 900 | 1150 | 400 | 720 | 840 | 230 | 230 |
| 160 | 750 | 500 | 860 | 450 | 450 | 450 | 550 | 1150 | 1000 | 1150 | 450 | 740 | 860 | 240 | 240 |
| 200 | 950 | 600 | 910 | 550 | 550 | 550 | 550 | 1350 | 1050 | 1200 | 550 | 870 | 910 | 300 | 210 |
| 250 | 1020 | 600 | 960 | 550 | 550 | 550 | 550 | 1400 | 1050 | 1250 | 550 | 920 | 960 | 310 | 220 |
| 315 | 1070 | 600 | 1060 | 550 | 550 | 550 | 550 | 1450 | 1100 | 1350 | 550 | 1020 | 1060 | 315 | 225 |
| 400 | 1100 | 710 | 1120 | 660 | 660 | 660 | 660 | 1500 | 1150 | 1400 | 660 | 1090 | 1120 | 320 | 230 |
| 500 | 1120 | 710 | 1140 | 660 | 660 | 660 | 660 | 1500 | 1200 | 1450 | 660 | 1100 | 1140 | 325 | 235 |
| 630 | 1210 | 870 | 1240 | 660 | 660 | 660 | 660 | 1600 | 1250 | 1600 | 660 | 1130 | 1240 | 360 | 320 |
| 630 | 1240 | 870 | 1310 | 820 | 820 | 820 | 820 | 1600 | 1300 | 1650 | 820 | 1180 | 1310 | 370 | 330 |
| 800 | 1400 | 870 | 1400 | 820 | 820 | 820 | 820 | 1800 | 1300 | 1700 | 820 | 1280 | 1390 | 360 | 320 |
| 1000 | 1460 | 870 | 1340 | 820 | 820 | 820 | 820 | 1850 | 1300 | 1850 | 820 | 1230 | 1340 | 350 | 310 |
| 1250 | 1550 | 870 | 1460 | 820 | 820 | 820 | 820 | 1900 | 1300 | 1800 | 820 | 1340 | 1460 | 360 | 320 |
| 1600 | 1600 | 870 | 1620 | 820 | 820 | 820 | 820 | 1950 | 1300 | 1950 | 820 | 1430 | 1620 | 370 | 325 |
| 2000 | 1680 | 1120 | 1700 | 1070 | 1070 | 1070 | 1070 | 2050 | 1350 | 2000 | 1070 | 1490 | 1700 | 385 | 340 |
| 2500 | 1750 | 1120 | 1790 | 1070 | 1070 | 1070 | 1070 | 2100 | 1400 | 2100 | 1070 | 1570 | 1790 | 410 | 370 |
| 3150 | 1770 | 1120 | 1810 | 1070 | 1070 | 1070 | 1070 | 2150 | 1500 | 2100 | 1070 | 1520 | 1810 | 430 | 405 |
Note: Due to the continuous updating of products, the dimensions and weight of the products in the table may change. Please refer to the dimensions provided when ordering.
Model meaning
10kVclassSC(B)11Series resin insulated dry-type transformer technical parameters
| Rated capacity | Voltage combination (kV) | Connection method | loss(kW) | No-load current(%) | Impedance voltage(%) | Insulation class | weight(kg) | ||
| high pressure | Low pressure | No load | Load (120°C) | ||||||
| 200 | 11 10.5 10 6.3 6 |
0.4 | Dyn11 or Yyno |
0.690 | 2.660 | 1.6 | 4 | F/F | 1180 |
| 250 | 0.790 | 2.990 | 1.6 | 1290 | |||||
| 315 | 0.970 | 3.610 | 1.4 | 1430 | |||||
| 400 | 1.080 | 4.240 | 1.4 | 1700 | |||||
| 500 | 1.280 | 5.150 | 1.4 | 1880 | |||||
| 630 | 1.475 | 6.270 | 1.2 | 6 | 2150 | ||||
| 800 | 1.670 | 7.400 | 1.2 | 2540 | |||||
| 1000 | 1.950 | 8.760 | 1.1 | 2950 | |||||
| 1250 | 2.300 | 10.54 | 1.1 | 3380 | |||||
| 1600 | 2.700 | 12.41 | 1.1 | 3990 | |||||
| 2000 | 3.680 | 15.22 | 1.0 | 4400 | |||||
| 2500 | 4.400 | 18.10 | 1.0 | 5060 | |||||
| 3150 | 5.650 | 23.63 | 0.8 | 8 | 6050 | ||||
| 4000 | 6.560 | 28.35 | 0.8 | 7350 | |||||
Note: Due to the continuous updating of products, the dimensions and weight of the products in the table may change. Please refer to the dimensions provided when ordering.
Overall dimensions and installation dimensions
| Rated capacity | Dimensions with protective housing(mm) | ||||||
| L | W | H | D | E | F | G | |
| 200 | 1450 | 1850 | 1600 | 550 | 1020 | 1060 | 315 |
| 250 | 1500 | 1900 | 1600 | 660 | 1090 | 1120 | 320 |
| 315 | 1500 | 1950 | 1600 | 660 | 1100 | 1140 | 325 |
| 400 | 1600 | 2000 | 1600 | 660 | 1130 | 1240 | 360 |
| 500 | 1600 | 2050 | 1600 | 820 | 1180 | 1310 | 370 |
| 630 | 1800 | 2050 | 1600 | 820 | 1280 | 1390 | 360 |
| 800 | 1900 | 2050 | 1600 | 820 | 1340 | 1460 | 360 |
| 1000 | 1950 | 2050 | 1950 | 820 | 1430 | 1620 | 370 |
| 1250 | 2050 | 2100 | 2000 | 1070 | 1490 | 1700 | 385 |
| 1600 | 2100 | 2150 | 2100 | 1070 | 1570 | 1790 | 410 |
| 2000 | 2150 | 2250 | 2100 | 1070 | 1520 | 1810 | 430 |
| 2500 | 2200 | 2250 | 2200 | 1070 | 1640 | 1930 | 440 |
| 3150 | 2350 | 2350 | 2250 | 1070 | 1600 | 1900 | 455 |
| 4000 | 2400 | 2350 | 2300 | 1070 | 1700 | 2000 | 470 |
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
What are the main advantages of SC(B) series resin insulated dry-type transformers?
SC(B) series transformers feature low loss, low noise, and minimal partial discharge. They are highly moisture-resistant, flame-retardant, maintenance-free, and offer high operational reliability in demanding environments.
How does the temperature control and cooling system work?
The system utilizes an intelligent temperature controller and a cross-flow top-blowing cooling fan. This combination provides real-time monitoring and overload protection while maintaining low noise levels and high wind pressure.
What is the structural configuration of the low-voltage winding?
The low-voltage winding adopts a foil structure, which effectively eliminates the axial helix angle during winding to balance the ampere-turn. It also features an axial cooling air duct to improve thermal dissipation.
Which implementation standards do these transformers meet?
These dry-type transformers are manufactured in strict compliance with major industry standards, including GB/T10228, GB6450, JB/T10088, and GB4208.
Are custom outlet methods and protective enclosures available?
Yes. Standard protective enclosures are available in IP20, IP23, and other ratings, using cold-rolled steel or stainless steel. Outlets can be customized for standard busbars, side outlets, top outlets, or custom designs.
What insulation class is used for the SC(B)10 and SC(B)11 series?
These transformer series utilize Class F/F insulation materials, ensuring superior thermal stability and electrical strength under standard operating conditions.

